Content Development Techniques for Video Games

Question: Talk about theContent Development Techniques for Video Games. Answer: Presentation We are utilizing PCs for such a large number of days now; we have recently encountered some quick pace very good quality programming or applications. In present compact intensity of registering has come in type of workstations, netbooks, and tabloids. These machines permitted us to make our figuring power carrying on our shoulders (Ling, 2008). Individuals these days are extremely attached to messing around. In the event that the gadget is completely energized, at that point it might surrender you a back of approx 20-24 hrs however in the event that anybody is playing constantly in the telephone, at that point the gadget need to revive following four to five hours. Individuals need to interface with the web for refreshing the games or downloading the games (Ong, 2010). For these they need have a versatile net association or they have to introduce in a wifi zone to have that offices. In creating nations portable system accessibility and infiltration is expanding in an emotional manner . It can likewise be apply for instruction: educating and figuring out how to happen anyplace. At present each game which is presenting is having a decent illustrations quality and web update choice accessible. At present another game has acquainted with discover Pokemon. This game needs to play on the web (StuãÅ"ë†ber, 2012). In the event that somebody interfaces their gadget with the web they will appear at the current area of pokemon in the screen which will coordinate the current area of the proprietor of the gadget. Like this there are a few games present now of time which can be played online with different players who are on the web. In some cases games can be played in a disconnected mode when the other player will be simply the gadget possesses. At this report a short portrayal of the games future perspectives will talk about. Back Ground https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-XBvs4ShzE In 2004 individuals from Apple, mozila establishment and drama programming began to create Html5. At that point in October 2006 W3C has report that they will no more work in Xhtml and begin working with WHAT working gathering to present Html as an innovation (Osborn, 2011). In 2008 the principal draft of Html 5 was distributed. It was composed by Ian Hickson. Starting there of time Html5 is ceaselessly updating till date new highlights are including consistently. On that time especially Firefox 3 is likewise begun to permit Html5 to see on their program. In January 2010 Youtube offers Html5 video player. April 2010 when Steve Jobs pronounce they will never remember Flash players for their Apple gadgets organizations are begun for picking to Html5. In May 2010 online reports Scribid changes to Html5.August 2010 Acrades Fires a Html5 based intuitive film wins The Grand Prix grant at the Cannes in the Cyber class. In December 2010 Chrome opens their web store in Html5. Here comes in Mar ch 2011 disney purchases Html5 gaming startup, which was a rocket pack. It defies the guideline of imposing business model gaming strategy (Lawson and Sharp, 2011), and they legitimately began building games on web by utilizing Html5. Pandora change to Html5 in july 2011. In august 2011 Amazon makes new arouse digital book peruser applications which will assist their perusers with accessing the digital books. In that very month Twitter reveals the new form for ipad. In September 2011 it was evaluated that 34 percent of top 100 destinations re utilizing Html5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOG90Q8EfRo In September likewise Boston globe has utilizes a CSS3 plan which permits the site to adjust the size of the screen. November 2011 adobe quits creation Flash for mobiles and began to structure Html5. In April 2012 Flickr gets another Html 5 uploader. In june 2012 Linkedln makes their local applications in Html5 for Ipads. Just on that very month it was determined by wix.com that more than one lakh of clients have made their sites through Html5. Idea Discussion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rNS2m7zTryUlist=PLAwxTw4SYaPlUUkh6txMRXE-w-6N1Z225index=3 From the above connection building up a HTML5 game can be accumulated. The most effective method to stack the pictures for the play back ground, what will be the codes of picture sizes, pressure can be balanced, games we use to play we see their articles are moving. To move those articles need to transfer a few photos of each second to show the development of the items. Before begin coding for Html5 games we have to choose the size of the canvas for the game. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLMnetaC7-c At the point when a game is building up an audio effect is required. To embed audio effects codes must be composed. From the above connection sound embeddings code can be framed. By utilizing HTml5 coding a very good quality designs game could be created. Reference Ling, R. (2008). New tech, new ties. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. StuãÅ"ë†ber, G. (2012). Standards of portable correspondence. New York: Springer. Ong, R. (2010). Portable correspondence and the assurance of youngsters. Leiden: Leiden University Press. Osborn, J. (2011). Html5. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley. Lawson, B. what's more, Sharp, R. (2011). Presenting HTML5. Berkeley, CA: New Riders.

Slack Bus And Slack Generator

Slack Bus And Slack Generator The Table beneath shows input information of every busbar in the framework used to illuminate the force stream and the recreation result as per guidance portrayed being referred to 1. Transport Information Data [Simulation Result] Transport 1 pu P (load) 100 MW Q (load) 0 Mvar Transport 2 P (load) 200 MW Q (load) 100 Mvar CB of Generation Open Transport 3 1 pu P (Gen) 200 MW P (load) 100 MW Q (load) 50 Mvar AVR On AGC Off Slack transport and slack generator In power stream estimation, one of a kind numerical arrangement can't be determined without reference voltage greatness and edge because of inconsistent number of obscure factors and autonomous conditions. The leeway transport is the reference transport where its voltage is viewed as fixed voltage extent and edge (1㠢ë†â 0â °), with the goal that the different voltage point distinction among the transports can be determined regard. What's more, the leeway generator supplies as much genuine force and receptive force varying for adjusting the force stream considering power age, load request and misfortunes in the framework while keep the voltage consistent as 1㠢ë†â 0â °. In genuine force framework, when moderately frail framework is connected to the bigger framework by means of a solitary transport, this transport can speak to the enormous framework with an identical generator keeping the voltage steady and creating any important force like leeway transport. [1] Transport type (PQ transport or PV transport) Transport Transport type Remarks Transport 2 PQ Bus Generator is disengaged to Bus 2 Transport 3 PV Bus Generator is associated with Bus 3 and the greatness of voltage of generator keep consistent by utilizing AVR By and large, each transport in the force framework can be ordered into three transport types, for example, Slack Bus, Load (PQ) Bus, and Voltage Controlled (PV) Bus. The definition and distinction between PQ Bus and PV Bus are depicted as follows; [2] PV Bus (Generator Bus or Voltage Controlled Bus): It is a transport at which the greatness of the transport voltage is kept consistent by the generator. Despite the fact that the transport has a few generators and burden, if any generators associated with the transport direct the transport voltage with AVR, at that point this transport is alluded to PV Bus. For PV transport, the greatness of the transport voltage and genuine force provided to the framework are indicated, and receptive force and edge of the transport voltage are in like manner decided. On the off chance that a preset greatest and least receptive force limit is reached, the responsive yield of the generator stays at the constrained qualities, so the transport can be considered as PQ Bus rather than PV Bus. [2] PQ Bus (Load Bus): It is a transport at which the voltage is changed relying upon complete net genuine force and receptive intensity of burdens and generators without voltage controller. Along these lines, in the force recreation and count, the genuine force and responsive intensity of the heaps are indicated as info information and as needs be the voltage (size and edge) is determined dependent on the above information. The accompanying table indicates information and yield of each transport type in the force framework reproduction and estimation. Transport Type P Q (Extent) Þâ' (Angle) PQ Bus Information Information Yield Yield PV Bus Information Yield Information Yield Slack Bus Yield Yield Information Information Framework Balance Absolute Generation Load Demand Transport Genuine Power (MW) Fanciful Power (Mvar) Age Burden Age Burden Transport 1 204.093 100 56.240 0 Transport 2 0 200 0 100 Transport 3 200 100 107.404 50 Absolute 404.093 400 163.644 150 Contrast Pgen Pdemand = 4.093 Qgen Qstored in load = 13.644 Reason: Real force misfortune because of obstruction of transmission line and fanciful influence stockpiling because of reactance of transmission line are the purposes behind the distinction between influence age and burden request in the framework. P (Losses) Q (Storage) over the transmission line Transport Genuine Power (MW) Nonexistent Power (Mvar) Sending Getting Misfortunes Sending Getting Put away Transport 1 BUS 2 102.714 100.650 2.064 56.653 49.773 6.88 Transport 1 BUS 3 1.379 1.378 0.001 0.4141) 0.4131) 0.001 Transport 3 BUS 2 101.378 99.350 2.028 56.990 50.227 6.763 Absolute Plosses = 4.093 Qstored in load = 13.644 1) Imaginary force streams from Bus 3 to Bus 1. The summation of genuine force misfortunes and fanciful influence stockpiling over the transmission line are actually same with all out contrast among age and burden. In this way, it is confirmed that the thing that matters is appeared over the transmission line. Kirchoff balance as each transport [4] Bus1 Þâ £ P1 = + Pgen1 Pload1 P12 P13 = 204.093 100 102.714 1.379 = 0 Þâ £ Q1 = + Qgen1 Qload1 Q12 Q13 = 56.24 0 56.653 + 0.413 = 0 Bus2 Þâ £ P2 = + Pgen2 Pload2 P21 P23 = 0 200 + 100.65 + 99.35 = 0 Þâ £ Q2 = + Qgen2 Qload2 Q21 Q23 = 0 100 + 49.773 + 50.227 = 0 BUS3 Þâ £ P3 = + Pgen3 Pload3 P31 P32 = 200 100 + 1.378 101.378 = 0 Þâ £ Q3 = + Qgen3 Qload3 Q31 Q32 = 107.404 50 0.414 56.99 = 0 As per the computation above, as summation of approaching active genuine force and nonexistent force at each transport become zero, it is checked that every busbar complies with a Kirchoff balance. Moreover, the absolute force framework is totally adjusted, in light of the fact that all out age power (genuine nonexistent) are equivalent to summation of all out burden request and genuine force misfortune put away fanciful control over the transmission (for example Pgen Pdemand = Plosses, Qgen Qstored in load = Q put away in framework) as appeared previously. Voltage Angle and Angle Difference Because of the Powerworld, the voltage edge and point contrast are appeared in the table underneath. Transport Voltage Angle Voltage Angle Difference BUS1 Þâ'1 = 0.00â ° BUS1-BUS2 Þâ'1 Þâ'2 = 0.00â ° (- 2.5662â °) = 2.5662â ° BUS2 Þâ'2 = - 2.5662â ° BUS2-BUS3 Þâ'2 Þâ'3 = - 2.5662â ° (- 0.043â °) = - 2.5232â ° BUS3 Þâ'3 = - 0.043â ° BUS3-BUS1 Þâ'3 Þâ'1 = - 0.043â ° 0.00â ° = - 0.043â ° Force System Analysis - 1 The table underneath sums up age and voltage point variety at each transport as age at Bus 3 differs from 0 MW to 450 MW by 50MW. Reenactment Results and Observation P3 = 0 MW P3 = 50 MW P3 = 100 MW P3 = 150 MW P3 = 250 MW P3 = 300 MW P3 = 350 MW P3 = 400 MW P3 = 450 MW Receptive Power Generation at Bus 3: It is discovered that responsive force age Q3(gen) decline while genuine force age P3(gen) increment since Bus 3 as a PV Bus manages the consistent transport voltage size by controlling excitation of the age through the AVR. Force Generation at Bus 1: It is discovered that P1(gen) diminishes and Q1(gen) increments at the same time, while P3(gen) increments and Q3(gen) decline. As the all out burden request in the framework keeps consistent (for example Ptotal(load) = 400 MW, Qtotal(load) = 150Mvar), any essential genuine force and receptive force for the framework balance should be provided by generator (slack generator) at Bus 1. In this manner, power age P1(gen) and Q1(gen) at Bus 1 change contrarily contrasted with power age change at Bus 3. Voltage Angle Difference: when all is said in done, genuine force stream is impacted by voltage edge contrast between sending transport and getting transport as indicated by PR =. In this manner, it is seen that as genuine force age P3(gen) expands genuine force stream from Bus 3 to Bus2 increment, in like manner voltage edge contrast (Þâ'3 Þâ'2) between Bus 3 and Bus 2 increments. Be that as it may, decline in genuine force from Bus 1 to Bus 2 because of increment of P3(gen) bring about lessening of voltage edge distinction (Þâ'1 Þâ'2). Likewise, Real force between Bus 1 and Bus 3 streams from Bus 1 to Bus 3 until P3(gen) reach to 200 MW and as P3(gen) increment more than 200 MW the genuine force streams from Bus 3 to Bus 1. Along these lines, it is likewise seen that voltage point distinction (Þâ'3 Þâ'1) is negative edge when P3(gen) is under 200MW and the distinction increment while P3(gen) increment. Force System Analysis - 2 The table beneath sums up the variety of intensity age and voltage edge contrast at each transport when the heap request at Bus 3 changes by 50MW and 25Mvar. Reproduction Results and Observation P2 = 0 MW Q2 = 0 MW P2 = 50 MW Q2 = 25 MW P2 = 100 MW Q2 = 50 MW P2 = 150 MW Q2 = 75 MW P2 = 250 MW Q2 = 125 MW P2 = 300 MW Q2 = 150 MW P2 = 350 MW Q2 = 175 MW P2 = 400 MW Q2 = 200 MW P2 = 450 MW Q2 = 225 MW Force Generation at Bus 1 and Bus 3: It is seen that as the complete burden request in the framework increments because of increment of burden request P2(load) Q2(load) at Bus 2, any fundamental genuine force for the framework balance is provided by generator (slack generator) at Bus 1 considering consistent P3(gen), so P1(gen) increments. Also, any fundamental receptive force for the framework balance is provided from Bus 1 just as Bus 3, so both Q1(gen) and Q3(gen) increment. Voltage Angle Difference: It is discovered that genuine force stream increment both from Bus 1 to Bus 2 and from Bus 3 to Bus 2 because of increment of burden request at Bus2. As needs be, both voltage edge contrast Þâ'1 Þâ'2 and Þâ'3 Þâ'2 increment when the force stream P12 and P32 increment. What's more, when P2(load) is under 200 MW, P1gen is moderately low. Along these lines genuine force between Bus 3 and Bus 1 streams from Bus 3 to Bus 1 at lower P2(load) (under 200MW). Then again, while P2(load) increment more than 200 MW, the genuine force stream course changes (Bus 1 to Bus 3) and the genuine force stream increments. As needs be, the voltage edge distinction Þâ'1 Þâ'3 change from negative to positive and increment. Voltage Magnitude at Bus 2: It is seen that greatness of transport voltage at Bus2 drops because of increment of the heap request at Bus 2. Question 2 Framework Model Admittance Matrix So as to develop the permission network of Powerworld B3 case, single stage comparable circuit can be drawn as underneath; z = r + jx (r = 0, x = 0.05) z12 = z21= j0.05 pu, y12 = 1/z12 = 1/j0.05 = - j20 pu = y12 z13 = z31= j0.05 pu, y13 = 1/z13 = 1/j0.05 = - j20 pu = y31 z23 = z32= j0.05 pu, y23 = 1/z23 = 1/j0.05 = - j20 pu = y32 Induction m

Things To Do While Waiting for Decisions, Part II

Things To Do While Waiting for Decisions, Part II So I just read Bens post regarding the official release date of early action decisions. SIX DAYS! Six days! Man, thats a short time. When I was your age, we didnt have any official release date to count down to because they came in the mail. In tubes. We also walked six miles to school every day, uphill. Both ways. Anyway, I was thinking we could all be scared together because in six days, Ill be six days closer to finals. And that kinda blows because nobody likes finals. (Thus, in lieu of studying, Im sitting on The Angela Monsters bed with May and Liz 11 and talking about what to blog about.) Also, nobody likes the suspense of big life decisions, but I can suggest a couple things to ease the pain. Its the big sequel to last years Things To Do While Waiting For Decisions: Things To Do While Waiting for Decisions, Part II! 1. Consider majoring in completely random majors that lend themselves to terrible puns. (Like statistics. Statistically speaking, its a very unpopular major. -Liz 11) 2. Think up really horrible names for this sequel list. (Return of the Blog?) 3. Get in the kitchen with your mom and dont leave until youve learned her secrets. (I REGRET NOT DOING THIS SO MUCH. I miss Korean food like I miss my own bed. Also, youll get to spend quality time with your mom and THAT is something you should not take for granted. Your parents gave so much to make you into the fascinating person you are dont deprive them of the pleasure of getting to hang out with you.) 4. Campaign to save Mr. Splashy Pants. (You named him, now save him.) 5. Celebrate the last two days of your favorite Jewish holiday with people you love. (I spent the earlier part of the evening on Burton Two- sometimes affectionately called Burton Jew for its Jewish residents eating latkes. I almost cut off my ring finger dicing onions.) 6. Work out a lot, and then count the number of days left on the number of pectoral abdominal (SORRY.. my mistake. I suck. Thanks to those who pointed it out to me) muscles you have. (Worst joke ever. Sorry. Wish I had a six pack.) 7. Thank everyone who made it possible for you to get to this point. (Do it now, before you find out what happens. It makes the gesture more genuine even though its genuine either way and your teachers and parents deserve it. Yeah, this was on the list last year, but its important, okay?) 8. Play Funny Farm. (Itll probably take you over six days since I (and several people on my floor) have been working on it for almost two weeks now and am STILL working on the meta puzzle, but its an incredibly addictive game and Im going to try to beat it tonight before finals really set in. Anyone know an eight-letter word having to do with the location of M*A*S*H?) 9. Be productive and start working on more applications. (You probably already have, and nobody wants to hear this stuff but with big decisions like these, its absolutely crucial not to invest all your hopes into one place. Especially because theres no way you can know how a school will fit you and force you to grow until after youve been there for some time.) 10. Relax. Relax. Relax. Relllaaaxxxxx. (I cant relax! Who IS this girl, and why does SHE think she can tell me to relax?? Uh, because I was you two years ago, and I absolutely know what its like to be stressed to your very core about whats going to happen. I know nothing I say will really truly be convincing, but its my advice to you. Turn up Mikas Relax, dance around in your underwear, and relax. Whatever happens will happen, and at this point theres nothing you can do to change it. Mika says relax. Take it eeee-aaaa-sy.) On another note I apologize for being slightly MIA for the past week or so! This weekend was our fall dance show, which left me incredibly exhausted. But Im back, and Ill definitely post some pictures from Dance Troupe shortly, as well as write about majors (this post is long overdue, I know). In the mean time, if you can think of any other topics youd like me to focus on, let me know. And with that, I hope your waiting goes well, and that you escape the next six days with your sanity!

National Deficit and National Debt Essay - 982 Words

The growing national deficit is a looming problem in the United States now more than ever. The national debt is constantly increasing and government spending is out of control. If these issues are not solved then they could spell disaster for the nation’s economy when the infamous debt ceiling is finally reached. Currently the national policy on the debt is to continue raising the debt limit until a solution is found that is agreeable between both parties in Congress. The two main issues of over spending and the constant raising of the debts ceiling by Congress can both be resolved by government spending reform, balancing the federal budget and initiating pro-growth policies in order to increase the government’s tax revenue. The debt†¦show more content†¦The other issue that is facing the American government is overspending. Overspending is a pertinent problem facing the lawmakers in Congress. In 2012 discretionary spending reached $1.3 trillion and mandatory s pending $2 trillion, while only bringing in $2.5 trillion in revenue. Since the turn of the century back in 2000, non-mandatory spending by the government has topped out a whopping $16.1 trillion just in the past 13 years (Boccia, Frasser Goff 2013). This persistent overspending on programs and services that are not necessary to the functionality of the country is what is causing the deficit to rise year after year. To remedy this issue the government must either increase the revenue it brings in through taxes and trade or reduce the amount of money it spend or perhaps even both. In 2012 thirty-one cents of every dollar that Washington spent was borrowed (Boccia, Frasser Goff 2013). Most of which went to large programs such as Social Security and Medicare and if these large, growing programs, or just the budget in general, do not undergo financial reform it could spell disaster for the economy and fiscal state of the nation. Government spending in the United States needs to change and it needs to change soon. As mentioned earlier, in 2012 nearly a third of governments budgetShow MoreRelatedFederal Deficit And The National Debt1661 Words   |  7 Pagesyears of the federal deficit and the national debt, as well as examination their relationship. This paper also looks at how the deficit is created and dealt with, along with what happens to different areas of the economy when the deficit’s size changes. Lastly this paper covers who owns the national debt, how these people are paid off, and the interest rate of the debt. Federal Budget Deficit with a sprinkle if National Debt (1, 2, 3) The federal budget deficit and the national debt are two differentRead MoreThe American Economy : Public Policy, National Deficit, Debt, And The National Debt Essay1136 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States economy is an incredibly complicated entity that is intricately tied to the government. In a time where the national debt is equals almost twenty trillion dollars, it’s important to understand both how the American economy works and the economic policies surrounding it. One of the first things to be acquainted with when studying the American economy is the term public policy. Public policy is defined as a â€Å"system of laws, regulatory measures, courses of action, and funding prioritiesRead MoreThe Federal Budget Deficit And National Debt870 Words   |  4 Pages The Federal Budget Deficit and National Debt Basically, what the federal budget deficit is a shortage of funds that are available for the government, where more money is being spent than what the government receives. But, national is where the government borrows money through various ways. The data for national debt and federal budget deficit from the year 2001-2013 is given in the chart above. As we can see in the graph, the deficit is still remains in our economy even though there hadRead MoreFederal Budget Deficit And The National Debt1524 Words   |  7 Pages These two graphs are dealing with the federal budget deficit and the national debt and just how diverse they are from the time differences with both begging approximately in the 2001’s and making their way to 2013. Different types of numbers, but the relationship between the Federal budget deficit and the national debt is by how the Deficit deals with taking the difference of what the U.S. government gets in from taxes or other revenues calling these receipts, but on top of that the amount of moneyRead MoreThe Federal Budget Deficit And The National Debt747 Words   |  3 PagesAlvarado ECON 2301.SY2 The Federal Budget Deficit and the National Debt The United States national debt is large. The U.S. Debt-to-GDP ratio has grown to over 60 percent in recent years. We are more than $15 trillion in debt. In this paper I will address the federal budget, the United States debt, and the resulting impacts on society in several sectors. In our textbook, â€Å"Principles of Macroeconomics,† the relationship between debt and deficit is described. 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The difference between the two is that while the national debt is getting bigger the federal deficit (as of 2014) is increasingly becoming less. As of last year it was said that the Obama administration wasRead MoreBudget Deficit And Its Effect On The National Debt1403 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment can use the surplus revenue to pay off the national debt. The budget deficit is the annual amount the government has to borrow to meet the shortfall between current receipts (tax) and government spending, for example by the end of 2009-10 our annual deficit was  £170.8 billion. The argument of the chancellor is that with national debt ‘unsustainably high’ periods of economic growth should be taken as an opportunity to pay down debt and reduce the burden for future generations. 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Over the following 45 years, the debt grew. Although, the national debt actually shrank to zero by January 1835, under President Andrew Jackson, it quickly grew into the millions again, soon after. The American Civil War resulted in dramatic debt growth

Comparing Nietzsche And Freud On Crime And Punishment

Conception of civilization in Nietzsche and Freud in relation to crime and punishment Nietzsche critiqued modern civilization since the entire scheme of modern society went against his philosophy. Nietzsche was afraid modern society and religion would bring the individuals to nihilistic voids, as they would eventually turn into uninteresting herds of controlled animals. Nietzsche wishes the individuals to achieve self-awareness, in that individuals would act upon themselves for what they truly want, instead of following the social construct. This state of achieving the higher self was defined as being the â€Å"overman†, which was achieved by redefining one s world, in a purely personal manner. Thus in some sense, Nietzsche would agree that great men are â€Å"criminals† since they act in a way that is not deemed â€Å"good† in society and stay true to what they desire. As Nietzsche states, â€Å"A rebel can be a miserable and contemptible man; but there is nothing contemptible in a revolt as such--and to be a rebel in view of contemporary s ociety does not in itself lower the value of a man. There are even cases in which one might have to honor a rebel, because he finds something in our society against which war ought to be waged--he awakens us from our slumber† (The Will to Power, pg 391). However, the state often suppresses these â€Å"criminals† from acting as the overman by demanding rules, which create fear and guilt and prevent individuals from heightening oneself and also preventShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganizational democracy: a challenge to managerialism? Destabilized capitalism Employee alienation as the key problem Conclusions 387 392 395 399 401 404 405 408 412 413 414 416 421 Chapter 10 Perspectives and challenges Introduction Comparing the different perspectives A modernist perspective A neomodernist perspective A new-wave perspective A postmodern perspective A reflective perspective A critical theory and psychoanalytic perspective A managerialist perspective The paradigm debate

A comparative study of the regions Free Essays

A comparative study of the regions –Bordeaux and Burgundy Wine as an alcohol beverage is made by a complex and fascinating process, which includes pressing the fruits or berries, fermentation the Juice, then through chemicals composed of certain kinds of alcohols, pigments, vitamins, sugar, several minerals and more than 22 organic acids (Maynard 1965). Bordeaux and Burgundy are two of the most well-known and fabulous regions of France. Those top French regions have a long history, strong culture of wine and also possess a large amount of the most famous chateaus. We will write a custom essay sample on A comparative study of the regions or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, Burgundy and Bordeaux regions both have he their own unique characters and styles of the wine. In addition, the varieties of grapes for making wine also differ a lot. The grape and the certainly of style, quantity and quality of the wine is enormously influenced by weather events occurring in every growing season, terrain and so on. This essay provides a brief overview of the difference between Burgundy and Bordeaux region from a geographical, cultural and winemaking point of view. In addition, it also discusses a specific type of grape, which is Pinot Noir, and the reason why it is the main red grape in Burgundy and not Cabernet Sauvignon. Since the first century AD, Bordeaux began to plant grapes along with the wine industry in this region began to develop as well Geoff 2010). Bordeaux is located in the southwestern region of France, north of the Quatrain region and near the Atlantic coast. The river Gardener divided the Bordeaux city into two parts, the east is the right band and the other side in the west is left bank, due to the bend of the river location. The left bank contributes to wine business trading, since streaming outside the bend. It contributes to business transactions because the river formed a deep enough arrow to allow the passing of merchant ships, which used to dock and offload alongside the river. Even tough chateaux in this region produced the largest amount of first-rate wine than the other worldwide of winemaking. However, the quality of the wine varies year-to-year, even season-to-season and uncertainty about the vintage, which attribute to the geographical region. Bordeaux region is located between west longitude | 0 17 â€Å"to the east longitude 0 0 19† and north latitude 44 0 48 â€Å"to 45 0 35†, which belongs to temperate maritime climate with hot summers and cold winters without extremes of temperature (Holiday Weather 2014). Figure 1 and figure 2 respectively show the average minimum and maximum temperature over the year and average monthly precipitation over the year (rainfall, snow) in Bordeaux. Figure 1: World Weather and Climate Information, 2013, Average minimum and maximum temperature over the year, World Weather and Climate Information, viewed 3 April 2014, http://www. eather-and-climate. com/average-monthly- Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine,Bordeaux,France Figure 2: World Weather and Climate Information, 2013, Average monthly precipitation over the year (rainfall, snow), World Weather and Climate Information, Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine,Bordeaux,France In the mild and humid springtime from March to May, it provide s sufficient supply of moisture for early growth grapes. However, too much dampness might be a major problem. The most serious one was in 1991, which had a very high humidity, the vines appeared gray mold and betroths mold, resulting in greatly reduced in wine production (Bill 2014). Summers in Bordeaux are usually filled with a good level of sunshine and heat, but not excessive high temperature due to proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. The climate becomes chilling and one could see quite a bit of rain falling in heavy showers since September. Cold rain and strong breeze usually hit the region in January. During the winter, cold winds from the Atlantic often blow into the vineyards and might damage the vineyard, but forested hills and ridges in Bordeaux also played essential role to slow down the strong winds or change the direction much more. The geology of this area contains several kinds of soil, which comprises of gravel, clay and limestone. Among them, the mountain area is gravel soil. The Gardener flows through the Bordeaux region, which offers the irrigation water. In addition, the region s in the temperate maritime climate zone, which provide the fantastic geographical condition for planting grapes. Also, Burgundy has a good long lasting reputation as early as Roman times and is one of the oldest wine regions (Wine Guide 2013). The wine industry has been developed vigorously, since Charlemagne began large-scale cultivation of grapes. Burgundy is located in the northeastern inland France, between Dijon and Lyon, which is a more northern location than Bordeaux. Figure 3: Chew Nouns, 2013, Average temperature and rainfall for Burgundy, the Direct Route to the Real France, viewed 4 April 2014, It longs to a typical continental climate. However, the range of temperature changes a lot as the altitude and latitude vary due to the strip-shaped of Burgundy. The temperature in the southern part is slightly higher (roughly two degrees on average). From April to October, the temperature is relatively high but not too hot. It could reach the highest temperatures during July and August along with the rainfall averaging mom per month, then the temperature turns cold in the autumn, a mom increase in the monthly rainfall on average, and accompanied by thunderstorms. In old winters, the rainfall decreases to mom per month on average. This is not the optimum condition for planting grapes, by right, along with the location in the central mountain of France. The really high latitude is inappropriate for growing grapes. However, Burgundy has cultivated and brewed such a lot of good variety of grapes and wine. The reason is that most of the Burgundy vineyards are located in the south or south-facing gentle slope, which is better resistance to the frost damage and avoid the mistral, and use the thermal from the sun effectively. Those reasons make Burgundy better in planting grapes. Another main factor is the soil, which plays an important role in wine planting. The terrain feature of Burgundy present strip-shaped from north to south, which contributes to big differences in style between the north and south. The northern Chablis region is close to limited terrain condition of viticulture. In Burgundy, the origin of geology and the chemical structure of soil are diversified from the north to the south. However, there is still a certain unifying feature on geology and soil structure, which its sedimentary soil makes up of clay, marl and limestone. The structure has been formed for fifteen million years since the Jurassic time. In addition, the composition of soil in Burgundy is varied, but mainly is calcareous soil. This kind of soil is most favored by Chardonnay and Pinot Noir. The elite position of those vineyards is located in the Golden Hill area, on the sunny eastern-facing slope. Although, in the fascinating world of wine, both Bordeaux and Burgundy have a long history in winemaking since at least 500 BC and strong wine culture, but different cultural and historical backgrounds created different traditions and ideas, resulting n two different kinds of great French wines. Classification system between Burgundy and Bordeaux region are the major difference related to culture. Since 1855, Bordeaux has been classified based on price, while Burgundy has been classified based on terror (Benjamin 2010). In the year of 1855, two events established contrasting styles for classifying and ranking wine, and the results have reverberated ever since. The classification of the Medic wine is the most noted one, which not only set out the classification of wine in the left bank, also made classification based on price for all Bordeaux wines. Burgundy region is entirely based on the location and nature of the vineyard terror to divide and decision levels, so only the best vineyards as to geographical conditions as the highest level. Another event is less known, which occurred in the same year. Livable issued a map of every single vineyard in Burgundy which displayed details from Santayana to Dijon, grading them T ©et De Cup ©e, Premiere, Dioxide ©me and even Troops ©me Cup ©e (Benjamin 2010). In 1936, the map of C ¶et door was updated more than 400 appellations when the appellation control ¶l ©e system was announced. Now in Burgundy, every vineyard has TTS place in a hierarchy classified in descending order of quality from Grand Cru, Premier Cru, Village wine, to Generic Burgundy. These account for 2%, 10%, 36% and 52% of the total production of wines in Burgundy respectively (Tim 2014). The elite part of the region is the Grand Crush. Those are the best-known vineyards and labeled solely with their names of the producer. Not every Grand’s Crush are equally quality, but most of them are normally the finest and relatively expensive wines in Burgundy. Another interesting difference refers to culture between Burgundy and Bordeaux is he shape of the wine glasses. The correct wine tasting glasses could enhance a fine wine to bring out the flavor, highlighting its features and keeping it in balance. Due to the different characteristics of those two regions, choosing wine glasses should not be the same as well. Bordeaux-styled wine glasses are usually a large, tall bowl, which is shaped like a tulip. This kind of glasses is ideal for heaps of full body red wine, especially for Bordeaux wines. Because Bordeaux wines are generally is a bit high acidity and more tannin, the curvature of the glasses could appropriate control he speed of tasting rather than the vertical shaped glasses. Otherwise, the Burgundy red wines mainly from the Pinot Noir, which are quite fragrant, fruity and seductive. Spherical shape glasses with a wide and large bowl could make the aroma of Burgundy wine expand up toward your nose, enhance the complex aromas of the wine. Also, due to the high acidity of the wine, the glasses usually have a slightly flared opening to direct the wine toward the tip of your tongue, accentuating the sweetness of the flavors. From the winemaking point of view, each region has its own feature and attractive Tyler. The variety of grapes, color and tasting are three major aspects when talking about the difference between Burgundy and Bordeaux region. The first difference is the raw material, which is related to the variety of grapes. Bordeaux wines usually make up with a multiple verities of grapes. Winemakers in Bordeaux believe that the taste of each simple grape is not perfect, and therefore require the deployment of different varieties mixed together to complement each other in order to enhance the flavor. In addition, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, brewed together with one or overall other varieties of grapes, basically dominate this region of wines. Nevertheless, winemakers in Burgundy love making wine through one single variety of grape, small-scale production and packaging. Pinot Noir dominates most of them. The second major difference is the color from appearance. As to the red wine, the color is from the skin of the grape. Due to the difference of dominant grapes, the colors of the wine from those two regions differ. The skin of the Cabernet Sauvignon is thicker than Pinot Noir. Hence the color of wines from Burgundy region seems to lighter by contrast to Bordeaux wines. The last distinguishing factor is the taste. Differences in varieties result in difference taste. As tannin is the main factor, which constitutes a main structure of the wine, Bordeaux wines, which mainly make up with Cabernet Sauvignon, have strong astringent taste, due to thicker skin. By contrast, Burgundy wine has more sour and fruit flavor, but less tannin. This is because Pinot Noir has full and rich fruity flavor and thinner skin. Lastly, the main variety of the grape used to making wine is different as well. In Bordeaux, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot and Petit Overdo are the four main red grapes. The majority of the wine production in Bordeaux is red wine, which account for 4/5 of the total production. While Pinot Noir is the dominant red grape in the Burgundy region, Semicolon, Sauvignon Blank and dense Is Kodak are the representative while grapes of Bordeaux, where produce the best and most expensive red wine and sweet wines in the world. In addition, the quantity of the dry white wines is particularly outstanding. Alighted and chardonnay are two main white grape varieties in Burgundy. Generally, the wine is made based on one single variety of grapes in Burgundy. Pinot noir is the main red grape in Burgundy. Compared to Cabernet Sauvignon, which is strong adaptability to the surroundings and low cultivation cost, Pinot Noir is one of the grapes that winemakers need to carefully take care. A glass of good quality Pinot Noir Burgundy wine will bring people unparalleled fantastic feeling. Because of this, the world’s most ambitious wine producers were keen to plant this uncertain nature feature grape. However, not every wine region could possession Pinot Noir like The first reason why Pinot Noir the main red grape in Burgundy and not Bordeaux traces back to 4th century AD (Imprint 2011). There is an evidence that at that time, Pinot Noir was already planted in Burgundy. Pinot Noir used to name ‘Morrison Noir’ at an early time. Later in 14th century, with related record in Burgundy, a name called ‘Pinot Noir’ had already been described. The fate of Pinot Noir is related to Burgundy inevitably. The second essential reason is the favorable growing conditions. Pinot Noir usually germinate earlier than other varieties, hence vulnerable to spring frost consequently, stop growing after flowering. Therefore, it is best not to plant Pinot Noir in low-lying, damp and cool place. The average temperature in Burgundy is higher and the infill precipitation is lower than Bordeaux, which is more appropriate for Pinot Noir growing. As for Cabernet Sauvignon, which is late maturing variety, a mixture of gravel and chunks of quartzite soil is more appropriate for Cabernet Sauvignon. This is due to the heat transfer of gravel and drainage that is relatively good, more suitable for the late, maturing variety. The geographical condition of Bordeaux might be the good choice for Cabernet Sauvignon to grow. Theoretically, the production of Pinot Noir is quite low, but in Burgundy, the clone technology contribute to the improvement of the production during the sass and he early sass. Comparing with other majority of grape varieties, this variety is more vulnerable to various kinds of mold and easier to rot, but also more vulnerable to viruses, especially grapevine fan leaf virus and grapevine leaf roll virus (Edison 2002). This is because the skin of the Pinot Noir is thinner than others. In fact, due to the spread of the disease in Burgundy vineyard, thereby, the clone of Pinot Noir is quite promoted in sass. Hence, Burgundy has a more advanced technology of planting and cloning Pinot Noir than Bordeaux. Thirdly, generally speaking, Pinot Noir from the limestone soil are usually with good laity. In the relative cold climate, this early ripen grapes generally ripen a bit late along with lack of aroma and the acidity is not enough. For example, in Burgundy, they both plant Pinot Noir and Cabernet Sauvignon. In some years, the Pinot Noir might ripen later than Cabernet Sauvignon, but in some years, Cabernet Sauvignon might ripen later than Pinot Noir. There is a consensus that the brew of Pinot Noir is much harder than Cabernet Sauvignon. This is because in the process of the brewing, it is required to constantly monitor and alter the technology of winemaking according to the different needs each year. Due to the geographical reason, which is strip-shaped, most of the vineyards in Burgundy are smaller area and operation on a smaller scale than Bordeaux. Therefore, the small-scale vineyard is good to take care of Pinot Noir and manage the vineyard in order to produce more good quality grapes. As the two of the most famous wine region in the world, it is admitted that both have a long history of wine and a strong wine culture. But in some aspect of geographical, cultural and winemaking, they still have some differences between those two. However, with no doubt, the wine from the Bordeaux and Burgundy region are fascinating and tasty aromas. On those two pieces of land, stand the world’s most famous wineries. How to cite A comparative study of the regions, Papers

The Tao of Physics ( Fritjof Capra ) free essay sample

Reviews work on practical conceptual connections between modern science mysticism, Western Eastern approaches to reality, focusing on the need for balance between the two. The search for knowledge in the West today is based very much on the scientific method and on rational inquiry, and this is often contrasted with the way of knowing in Eastern mysticism. The two means of ascertaining knowledge are normally considered to be far apart, but in Fritjof Capras book The Tao of Physics, parallels are found between the two approaches which show that the insights of modern physics actually offer more explanation for certain elements of mysticism. The conclusion is that as the people of the world try to educate themselves in the sciences, they would do well to educate themselves in and to practice spiritualism and mysticism as well and so to gain insight from both ways of knowing. Different cultures produce their own particular way of structuring the world they see around them. We will write a custom essay sample on The Tao of Physics ( Fritjof Capra ) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They use religion..

Saltaire a typical model village Essay Example

Saltaire a typical model village Essay Example Saltaire a typical model village Essay Saltaire a typical model village Essay Model villages began to appear around Britain in the late 1700s as a way for employers to provide for their workforce. One of the first examples was Cromford in Derbyshire. They were model in the sense the houses were laid out in a plan rather than springing up in any available space, which was the norm in towns at the time. They also kept to a set standard of housing which was advanced when compared to the industrial cities counterpart where houses were often split into several small rooms which were rented out to individual families, or even groups of people. Model villages on the other hand worked to prevent overcrowding from happening. These villages were built by companies or single businessmen for the benefit of the workers, and therefore themselves. As most villages were connected to the industry that was owned by these men.. The houses in these villages had affordable rent and were often far more sanitary and a lot less over crowded than in the cities (though to todays standards they may seem cramped and compacted at the time they were revolutionary). Saltaire and Bourneville are examples of these villages. Saltaire was built by Titus Salt, owner of many wool mills to house his many workers. He built a new large mill just outside Bradford to begin his new business venture with Alpaca wool and the adjacent town was to home his workforce. It was bordered by the River Aire and by rail lines as well as the Leeds-Liverpool canal (useful for importing the Alpaca wool). The rest of the area was surrounded by greenfield. The town originally had 820 homes built to accommodate 4.389à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and provided the workers with a hospital, almshouses (retirement homes) complete with pension, park areas and also schools where children could study either part time, if working in the mill or on a more day to day basis. It also provided the inhabitants with churches and communal washrooms. All homes also had a flushing outdoor toilet attached to a proper drainage system and fresh water was pumped in from the clean canal waters which were well away from the pollution of the cities. Most of the homes also had some kind of yard or garden area. There were also varying types of accommodation built to reflect status. Skilled workers and foremen had larger homes with larger garden areas than unskilled workers, and single male and female workers were housed in dormitory style buildings of same sex only. Titus Salt also created The Institute which was basically a large recreational centre for his workers. It included a laboratory, library, concert hall, lecture theatre and gymnasium. A small shopping parade was also built to cater for his employees needs. Saltaire is a typical model village because of its grid-iron pattern. The majority of the houses were built in long terraced blocks ranging in size and height to give The way in which the dwellings were arranged to maintain the welfare of the workforce, which was something that Titus Salt had always had great interest in, and yet also to give the workers a feeling of security and a better quality of life. Salts interest also lay in the fact that a healthy workforce and one that had little way to travel to work would also be more productive. He kept his workers in a good state of health with the aid of the grid-iron pattern which spaced houses out enough to prevent overcrowding and to give people their own dwellings whilst also providing them with sanitation and clean water which were almost unheard of in the city itself. The pattern of housing also managed to give people social status with the larger homes with more gardens being closer to the mill. Titus Salt carefully managed rent to make sure that the employees could easily afford it on their wages. Another way in which he improved the lives of his workers was by the way that he created far better working conditions. This was one of the main principals behind the creation of model villages in the first case. Saltaire was built with the workforce in mind and Titus Salt tried to provide for them in everyway possible. He intended to also build a market, hotel and abattoir. Another way in which Titus Salt shows that he looked after his workers is the mess hall where workers could go and have lunch provided for them. This was based just opposite the mill, however there was a direct passage to the hall covered to keep workers dry, and maybe also perhaps to stop people from delaying. Saltaire is thought to be one of the greatest remaining examples of a model village as it has been relatively unchanged over the years. Its recent elevation to World Heritage Site is making sure that renovations are being completed and that it does not lose anymore of its originality. Although some areas no longer maintain their original purposes, for example the hospital which has now been turned into flats the basic idea behind Saltaire can still easily be seen when visited. Saltaire is now no longer home to mill operators as the mill ceased to function some years ago and now is a gallery displaying David Hockneys work and the home of the Bradford Health Authority.

Free sample - Analyzing Wal-Mart competition. translation missing

Analyzing Wal-Mart competition. Analyzing Wal-Mart competitionAnalyzing Wal-Mart competition and the development of a Wal-Mart drive through Wal-Mart Stores is the largest grocery store in the world. The company is based in America and has about 8500 retail outlets in about 15 countries (Wal-Mart 2010). The company has also established an online presence whereby customers can buy products online and get them delivered at their doorstep. Wal-Mart’s online presence has been relatively successful with about 1.7 billion annual online sales and is only second to Amazon in the online retail (Whittle, 2009). Wal-Mart competitors in the US include; Target, Meijer and Giant tiger among others (Jones, 2010). These companies have developed innovative methods, through which they compete against Wal-Mart.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Development of a Drive thru Wal-Mart in the past has tried to develop drive thru sale points in a bid to merge its physical and online businesses. Doing so meant that customers could order their products online and Instead of waiting for their delivery they could pick them physically from one of their chain store (Whittle, 2009).   This could be a very efficient way of shopping because the company would improve its supply chain system greatly. The system of serving customers at a drive thru should be very efficient. To avoid long waiting queues the system must be very efficient.   If items are ordered online then it makes the store much more efficient because at the drive through grocery store customers could have their orders completed easily.   However if items are to be ordered and provided at the store, then the   products provided must be few and must have a high demand. For instance 10 products of high demand could be provided at the drive through store whereby the customer is provided with the it em instantly at a given price. Wal-Mart does not need to construct new stores because it can create extensions to these stores so that the set-up costs of these stores is reduced A drive through store could improve the general efficiency of the store as well as gain more customers.

Free writing journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Free writing journal - Essay Example There are many closing doors in the story, a symbolism of Miss Emily’s refusal to adapt to the changes. Miss Emily’s refusal to accept the changing nature and behavior of the society and her environment made her a recluse. This indicates that refusal to accept that our world is changing is a ticket to getting stuck in one place and never moving forward to where we want to be. There are several indications in the story proving Miss Emily’s refusal to become part of the modern world. She didn’t want to put tin numbers on her door and she doesn’t want to have anything to do with the postal service. She didn’t want to accept her debt and she insisted she had no taxes to pay. A Rose for Emily makes us realize that even if we stick to our traditions, there will come a time that our old ways can only be found in books. As people die, traditions die as well, even if we tried so hard to keep things the way it used to be. Since death is inevitable, we cannot assure ourselves that tomorrow, what we’re doing today will still be what the future will be

Managed Care Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managed Care Organizations - Essay Example The group is paid a fixed fee per month. Independent practice association model HMO - This is similar to group model. The HMO enters into contract with a group of individual health care providers (through a legal entity - practice association). The difference is that the independent practice association (IPA) can treat patients other than the HMO enrolled patients as well. Network model HMO - It is a combination of all of the above. The HMO can have multiple contracts; it can hire some doctors and pay them salary, it can have IPA contracts with other doctors, and can have exclusive contracts with groups. Point of service model HMO - In point of service (POS) model, the patients enrolled in the HMO can consult with doctors who are not outside the network of HMO, without needing a referral from a doctor of HMO network. This provides the patients the flexibility consult any doctor of their choice although they have to pay more to consult with doctors outside the HMO network. A PPO is a form of MCO which makes arrangements with health care providers to seek reimbursement at lower rates. Thus, the patients pay lower than regular fees when they consult the health care providers (preferred providers) who are part of the PPO network. The managed care organizations generally reduce cost by improving efficiencies. ... Techniques Used by Managed Care Organizations to contain costs The managed care organizations generally reduce cost by improving efficiencies. The efficiency can be increased by optimally utilizing technology, reducing overheads, enhancing patient care treatments, and increasing utilization rate of the available medical equipment. The managed care organizations also provide incentives to health care providers if they select economical ways of treatment. They provide guidelines on various matters; for instance, how to maximize utilization rate of hospital rooms for in-patient treatment; what should be the length of hospital stay for particular treatment; eliminating unnecessary office processes and procedures so that costs can be reduce; etc. These techniques assist the hospitals and doctors to provide better services to patients, and at the same time, to reduce the cost of these services. The patients, thus, have to pay lower amounts to the managed care organizations. Hence the objective of providing low cost health care services is achieved. However, in order to ensure that providers do not exhibit unethical behavior by providing lesser than required services to the patients in order to reduce costs, all the medical records are kept for future reference and are periodically reviewed by external party. In addition, quality assurance reviews are undertaken to verify the quality of services provides to the patients (Managed Care Magazine, 2000). Reimbursement for Services There are various ways the providers are reimbursed for services by the managed care organizations. These include: Salary: Normally used for staff model; the doctors are hired and are provided fixed monthly salary. Fixed Capitated Fee: The provider is paid

Leisure: From Ancient Greece To Today

Leisure: From Ancient Greece To Today Leisure, used as an all-inclusive term to describe the meaning, conditions, functions, and opportunity complex in which recreation / play occurs (Murphy, p. 22), and can thus be seen as a concept or study which only offers information about the way in which people spend their spare time, but is also actually far more intriguing and multifaceted. An interesting fact is that the term leisure is derived from the Latin word licere or to be permitted to abstain from occupation or service' (Murphy, p. 24), thus showing the roots of leisure; being free from the physical and forced activities like labour. In this paper I will attempt to examine what precisely leisure entails and how it can be linked to identity formation, as well as depicting the developments in leisure as a concept throughout history. In order to do so, I will touch upon three remarkable periods of the past; first of all Ancient Greece as the era of the great philosophers, then the period around 1900 in Western Europe, and finally I will research the significance of leisure in todays globalising world. Finally, to discuss the relationship between leisure and identity formation, I will incorporate the subsequent topics within each historical time frame; The concept and division/availability of leisure The relation between work and leisure The link between leisure and human development The social differences between individuals and groups of individuals After having discussed each time period in detail and having thus constructed a general timeline of leisure, I will round up with a conclusion hoping to have then found answers to the questions surrounding the notion of leisure. Ancient Greece Ancient Greece, which is generally considered as the period from the Archaic period of the 8th to 6th centuries BCE to 146 BCE and the Roman conquest of Greece after the Battle of Corinth (Amazines), can be seen as the era of the great philosophers who we still recognize today. Not only this is what makes Ancient Greece so fascinating, but this is also the period in which leisure as a concept emerged, with the cultivation of the self interpretation developed by Aristotle (384 B.C. 322 B.C.) (Murphy, p. 23). During these days, leisure was seen as an activity used to seek the truth, and the understanding of the self. Contemplation was key, and it was considered a notion of being free, and of not being occupied with work or other commitments. But which exact activities did leisure entail then? I believe that Anderson puts it properly, though from the Greco-Roman perspective; They learned music and played it and enjoyed the physical arts of war and sport. They were skilled in intellectu al conversation, and that consumed much time. But they rarely had an interest in talking about handwork and ordinary labour or even cared to understand its meaning. In their way of life there was no hurry (Anderson, p. 91). Thus, leisure was at the root of society and its culture, and paved the way for many great philosophers through intellectual discussions. But for leisure to exist in the way it did in Ancient Greece as the time free from commitments or work, a distinction had to be made between individuals. This distinction was mainly to allow certain people to engage in leisure, while others were forced to engage in the opposite of leisure; labour and hard work. Or as Murphy puts it; the aristocratic quality of the Ancient democracy gave the leisure class a tradition of taste and elegance which was maintained by the nobility (Murphy, p. 24), consequently leisure was made possible for the privileged because slavery existed. The privileged used slavery as a way to express power and control, maybe even only for the sake of being in control over others. But dominating and bossing others around, are among the first activities that humans, newly empowered, discovered and enjoyed for their own sakes (Hunnicutt, p. 60), showing that leisure not only existed off contemplation and conversation, but also of horrid activities creating a division between groups of people. Still, undoubtedly servants and women held in whatever degree of bondage, were able to understand the difference between the times in their lives when service was required of them, and other times when they were free to do more of what they wished (Hunnicutt, p. 60). So, although leisure is mainly seen as a privilege for the higher classes of men, also the women and slaves experienced leisure to some extent. This shows that the availability of leisure differed depending on your class of gender, but that most likely everybody experienced it to some extend in Ancient Greece. Therefore, leisure should be seen as key to human development. Not only did it pave the way for great philosophers and religious men, others also used it in connection to their identity as it is part of human nature. For the Greeks, leisure was used as a cultural arena in which vital questions of human means and ends, of purpose and hence of meaning, have been addressed (Hunnicutt, p. 58), and thus gave room to answer significant questions concerning life and human-beings since man is a symbolizing, conceptualizing, meaning-seeking animal (Geertz, p. 140). Leisure could be seen as a means to understand the meaning of life, and come to know and develop the self. Leisure thus led to identity and self-development through personal growth and freedom, since the sign of an educated person was active leisure (Hunnicutt, p. 64). Industrial Revolution After the Ancient Greece timeframe as previously discussed, the leisure tradition established by the Greeks continued through the Middle Ages. The Liberal Arts taught in the universities, the understanding of work and leisure as means to ends, endured (Hunnicutt, p. 67). And when the Industrial Revolution was ongoing in Europe, leisure was still present but significant changes were gradually taking place in its character and the influence it held in daily life. It could be said that a revolution in human history and leisure occurred when capitalism transformed the role of work, as one does not work to live, one lives to work (Pieper, p. 40). Then, work became a spiritual end in itself and was thought to answer the questions vis-Ã  -vis leisure. It also started to take on a submissive role as it was used as a way to achieve and support the highest purpose; work. Subsequently, work emerged out of the nineteenth century both as the basis of modern culture and as the glue that held soci eties together (Hunnicutt, p. 69), and basically took over the role leisure held in Ancient times. But even though work was key, the concept of spare time, and thus leisure, changed over time after the Industrial Revolution had left its mark. For example, farmers and factory-workers worked six ten-hours days from sunrise to sunset, and it was not until the sixty-hour work week of 1900 shrank to thirty-nine hours by 1975 (Rosenthal, p. 11), that people possessed more free time to spend on leisure activities of ones own choice. Even though they still had to work hard the work ethic gradually changed, people now possessed a day, and later even two, during which they were free to choose what to do. It was no longer the master who possessed free time and told his slaves what to do, the whole day, every day. More money was now being made, and thus being spend during those few hours or days the workers had off and activities related to sport, education, self-development, and entertainment started to rise. Also, the availability of more and cheaper goods due to the revolution led to an in crease in the standard of living, and thus formation of identity. People were slightly and slowly more able to establish themselves as different from others, and to use goods to identify with. Finally, it was only in the nineteenth century that the real impact of steam would be fully felt (Robinson, B). Steam changed the availability of opportunities, as well as leisure. Work was performed faster and more efficient, and changes also happened geographically as factories could now be located anywhere, as well as the workers. Transportation increased due to the invention of railways, and thus leisure opportunities surfaced since people could travel further and were no longer limited to the area they worked and lived in; horizons slowly widened. The Ancient Greeks were able to see leisure as their work, but the workers from the Industrial Revolution could only participate in leisure and non-work behaviour after their long days of labour. Not only the content and value of leisure changed, but also the impact it had on the individual. Since the Industrial Revolution, Americans have inherited a sociopsychological attitude which equates individual self-worth and productivity with working (Murphy, p. 27), thus showing the influence work had on life and ones goals. The Revolution created further interest in the individual in society and the responsibilities of society to them, together with the realization that the ultimate power within society is in the hands of those that are governed rather than the governing classes (Ouedraogo, D). The working class, and thereby the individual and his interests became more important, and people had more choices related to identity formation as mentioned before. Todays globalizing world The changes that took place in leisure in Ancient Greece and around the 1900s show its roots, but also the rudiments that have made leisure to be what it is today. Today, the twenty-first century, leisure still takes up an important place in many aspects of peoples lives and is still seen as time free from work-related responsibilities (Murphy, p. 27), as well as obligatory household tasks. More and more activities are now acceptable forms of leisure, and more money and time is dedicated to them. Also, due to globalization much more is possible, since the world is brought closer to our home. We now have internet, television, mass media and facilitation of travelling; anything is possible. Too see what function leisure holds in todays society in relation to identity and development, I will look at it from the following perspectives; behavioural, psychological and social. Behaviour in leisure should be recognized as an expression of the individuals total self; cognitive, affective, and motor domains are potentially engaged (Murphy, p. 29). Thus, engaging in leisure is key to personal development since it touches upon many important aspects of the individual. Also, since behaviour is goal-directed, leisure can also be seen as as direct result of goal-seeking (Murphy, p. 29), and success or failure in such activities will strongly influence ones mental and physical state, as well as future participation. Also, according to the French sociologist Joffre Dumazedier, leisure fulfils three functions: relaxation, entertainment, and personal development (Murphy, p. 30), again showing that leisure is key to self-development through exercising ones capacities. From the second and psychological perspective, leisure is also important for self-improvement, as to leisure means to be oneself, to express ones talents, ones capacities, ones potentials (Murphy, p. 30), as stated by Neulinger. Leisure is a state of mind and being, since it is then that one is free to choose what to do and engage in what brings satisfaction, fulfilment and pleasure. Thus, from the psychological perspective, it would tend to analyze leisure activities according to the needs they satisfy (Murphy, p. 31), which can only be fulfilled during free time and not through achievement in work like during the Industrial Revolution was the case. Examples are needs for sex, independence, understanding, getting along with others (Murphy, p. 32). The third perspective is that the social function of leisure, as the most significant determinant of what one does in leisure is membership in a social group. Leisure is a means for establishing and sustaining intragroup solidarity (Murphy, p. 32). Friendship and kinship are crucial determents here, and belonging to a social circle with common interests is what individuals aim at through leisure. This can be seen when people participate in sports, theatre, crafts, or other clubs organized to bring those together who are alike. This can also be through identifying with others with similar education, occupation, race, or income; some of the socioeconomic-demographic indicators. What also plays an important role in leisure, is the newfound presence of choice in this globalizing world. So much is present and available when it comes to activities, resources, knowledge and goods that choice greatly penetrates our culture; it has transformed not only how we live but also how we think and who we are (Rosenthal, p. 1), through the presence of excessive choice. We no longer have to give something up in order to gain something else, we can now sometimes have our cake and eat it too (Rosenthal, p. 9) and now sacrifice les which made our wants become needs. We have embraced change, and the necessity to travel down all of lifes branches is real to us (Rosenthal, p. 9). Since we have excessive choice, our leisure has become so broad and open to our own preferences that we can maximize our own potentials through it. Also, since one hours work buys six times as much now as it did in 1900 (Rosenthal, p. 12) we can spend much more on leisure, and thus again have to choose l ess and have more. Today, we also develop ourselves through serious leisure, which is the degree of seriousness tied to an activity as the activity involvement of these devotes shows a degree of intensity that is consistent with flow experience and a patterns of commitment that joins them with others in a unique ethos of shared meaning and perseverance (Kleiber, p. 25). Leisure activities of this level can seem to work in some extent, but are free of choice and are therefore sources of self-esteem, self-actualization, and other psychological and social benefits (Kleiber, p. 25), showing the great link between serious leisure and development. Also, since leisure in todays globalizing world is less linked to gender and race and more and more available to everybody, it can be seen as a true sources for self-development and identity formation. Identity formation then takes place not only through serious leisure, but also through more general and simplified versions of leisure. For example, athletics perform sports as their work. For most, engaging in sport is a form of leisure that brings pleasure and self-improvement, but for a true sportsman this is his identity. He is a footballer, he is a rugby player, he is a dancer. Wherever he will go, this part of him will be at the roots of his other actions since he is so serious about it and cannot afford letting other types of leisure take away from what he has achieved; their identification and commitment is evident in joining groups and sacrificing other aspects of life (Kleiber, p. 25). This is the same for musicians, many band members identify with their job and consider the musician label to be indistinguishable from their identity. Conclusion Leisure can thus truly be seen as a source of self-development and identity formation. Even though leisure has gradually changed throughout the years and has even shown distinct characteristics during when comparing the timeframes, the core has remained the same; free time dedicated activities of ones own choice used to better the self. To conclude, most noteworthy is the part leisure took up in an individuals life. In Ancient Greece, leisure mainly served as an activity that took up the entire day for the elite, whereas for the slaves it consisted of the little time free from the orders of the master. It was mainly used to engage in intellectual conversations, and plain activities like sports. During the Industrial Revolution this outlook changed, and work became most important and took over the role leisure used to hold in the lives of the elite; self-improvement was achieved through work and not leisure. However, this was also the period when the workers started to protest and managed to receive a better work-week with more free time in the weekend; time free to be dedicated to leisure since money was also more available. Finally, in todays society leisure takes up an maybe even more important role and is still the time dedicated to activities free of choice used to develop the self. Thus, leisure has always play ed an important role and its nature has remained constant, while its use and availability has changed.

First meeting Issues

In the first meeting of the Land Committee held on 22nd December, 2004 it was decided to hold public hearings with recognized political parties, civil society organizations and peoples? unions working on land issues of the poor to understand the various issues on land reforms. The Committee held public hearings in Hydrated, Wrangle, Vigilant and Atrophic. The visits to the districts and public meetings were followed by field visits to districts and villages to get a firsthand knowledge of the land issues affecting the poor.In an overwhelming response, political parties and civil society organizations attended all the public hearings and cutting across party lines, have demanded that land issues affecting the poor required immediate attention by the Government. Commissioning of Studies In order to understand the land issues in greater detail and also the relevance and use of the existing Revenue Acts, the committee has commissioned studies on various aspects of land issues by speciali sts and experts.Studies have been conducted on Board Standing Orders and Revenue Acts, Tribal land issues, issues of Tenancy, the phenomenon of absentee landlord's and that of plain paper transactions (Sad bambina transactions), functioning of the legal system and state of the endowment lands (Terms of References of the studies and consultants/consulting organizations conducting the study enclosed).Recommendations immediately operational in nature While commissioning the studies the Land Committee was very clear that recommendations evolving from the studies would not be theoretical in nature and focus shall be on operational issues. The Committee has tried its best to cover the important and pressing land issues. The recommendations of the committee while not exhaustive nevertheless cover substantial ground. Page 3 of 101 Land still the single most emotive issue in rural areas It has been the Committee?s experience that the issue of land continues to be the single most emotive issu e in the rural areas.

M v Home Office - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1416 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Briefly explain the case of M v Home Office (1994) as it relates to the concept of the Rule of Law Dicey proposed that every man is subject to the ordinary law of the realm and amenable to the jurisdiction of the ordinary tribunals, whatever his à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"rank or conditionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[1]. The accuracy of this assertion came under challenge in the case of M v Home Office (1994)[2], in which two issues of constitutional importance were considered; firstly whether injunctions could be issued against a government minister or department, and secondly whether a government minister or department could be found to be in contempt of court for failing to comply with a court order[3]. The case concerned à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Mà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, a citizen of Zaire who sought political asylum under the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees[4]. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "M v Home Office" essay for you Create order Mà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application was rejected by the Home Office who ordered his removal from the UK. The Court of Appeal refused an application for leave to move for judicial review and so a fresh application was made, which alleged new grounds, to Garland J in chambers. Garland J indicated that Mà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s departure should be postponed in order to consider the application, and his understanding was that the Home Office had given an undertaking that this would be done. In fact, the undertaking given was that they would à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"endeavourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to postpone the departure; and regardless of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"endeavoursà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, M was removed from jurisdiction on a flight to Zaire via Paris. On hearing of this, Garland J made a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"without noticeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ mandatory order, noting that the apparent à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"undertakingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ had been breached and requiring the Home Secretary to procure Mà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s return; and so arrangements were made for this[5]. The order granted the Secretary of State liberty to vary or discharge it, and so following advice from his officials, the Home Secretary cancelled the arrangements for Mà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s return, concluding that the underlying decision to refuse asylum had been correct, and that the order made by Garland J was made without jurisdiction. Proceedings were brought against the Home Secretary on behalf of M (who had since disappeared following his arrival in Zaire) and a finding was made that Kenneth Baker, when acting as Home Secretary, had been guilty of contempt of court with the result simply that Mr Baker should pay costs[6]. One of the significant considerations in the case was whether the Crown Proceedings Act 1947 granted immunity to the Crown and its servants from injunctions when acting in their official capacity[7]. Up until 1947, the Crown enjoyed a number of substantial immunities and benefited from various procedural advantages in litigation[8]. Under the Act, however, the Crown is subject to the same liabilities in tort as a person of full age and capacity[9]; it is further vicariously liable for torts committed by its servants or agents[10]. The extent to which the Crown is liable appears to be limited by the Act. The 1994 case established, however, that the Act does not preclude the grant of an injunction against a particular crown servant, and such a view was in keeping with the history of prerogative proceedings against officers of the Crown. Although the Crown cannot be subject to this remedy, its servants carrying out its tasks will be[11]. Lord Templeman in delivering his brief judgement noted that the argument that there was no power to enforce the law by injunction or contempt proceedings against a minister in his official capacity would, if upheld, establish the proposition that the executive obey the law as a matter of grace and not as a matter of necessity, a proposition which his Lordship said would reverse the result of the Civil War[12]. Lord Woolf, delivering the main opinion of the Court, affirmed the finding of the Court of Appeal à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“save for substitution of designation Secretary of State for Home Affairs as proper object of finding of contemptà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [13]. It was held that Garland J had jurisdiction to grant the order per Note 53/1-14/24 to the Supreme Court Practice 1993 which permits such a grant in urgent cases; further, the order was made by the High Court and so valid until set aside[14]. Whilst it might be acceptable to delay complying with the order until an application has been made for further guidance from the Court, the person in whose favour the order has been made (in this case M) must not be disadvantaged pending the hearing. In this case, the cancellation of plans to return M to the safety of the UK comprised a failure to protect his position and thus a disadvantage. Lord Woolf further examined the issue of whether a finding of contempt could be made against the Crown, government department or minister of the Crown. He considered that the Crown did have legal personality[15] so this did not present a hindrance to such a finding. Further, whilst acknowledging the argument that contempt proceedings were usually personal and punitive (and would therefore be inappropriate against the Crown or an officer of a Crown) he did not accept that this was always their function, and held that a finding of contempt could vindicate the requirements of justice. The issue as to whether the courts have jurisdiction to issue à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"coerciveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ orders against the Crown or ministers of the Crown was said to go to the heart of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the relationship between the executive and the courtsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [16]. Such sanctions are necessarily within a courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s jurisdiction to protect orders it has made, although they should only be issued in the most limited circumstances as they w ill usually be unnecessary[17],[18]. Their existence however reflects Diceyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ideal that officials and others should have no exemption from the duty of the law that governs other citizens, or from the jurisdiction of ordinary tribunals[19], in order that citizens may enjoy legal protection against unlawful conduct on the part of officials[20]. However great the powers or duties conferred on the executive, it is necessary in a parliamentary democracy[21] that all concerned are equally responsible before the ordinary courts for the exercise of their rights, powers and duties[22]. Word count: 1,000 + refs bibliography AV Dicey An Introduction to the Study of the Law of Constitution (10th Edition Macmillan London 1965) M Allen B Thompson Cases and Materials on Constitutional and Administrative Law (7th Edition Oxford University Press London 2002) Halsburys Laws of England Administrative Law (Volume 1(1) 2001 Reissue) 4. Judicial Control (4) Judicial Remedi es (iii) Mandatory Orders b. Public Offices and Duties in Respect of Which a Mandatory Order Will Not Lie 148. Mandatory Orders Against the Crown and Crown Servants Halsburys Laws of England Administrative Law (Volume 1(1) 2001 Reissue) 4. Judicial Control (4) Judicial Remedies (iv) Declarations and Injunctions b. injunctions 152. The injunction in public law. RVF Heuston The Rule of Law in Essays in Constitutional Law (2nd Edition 1964) 44-48 LexisNexis UK : https://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal Table of Cases Francome and Another v Mirror Group Newspapers Ltd and Others (1984) 2 All ER 408 at 412 Isaacs v Robertson (1985) Ac 97 M v Home Office (1994) 1 A.C. 377 R v Secretary of State for War [1891] 2 QB 326, CA R v Treasury Lords Comrs (1872) LR 7 QB 387 at 402 Re A Company (1981) AC 374 Town Investment Ltd v Department of the Environment (1978) Ac 359 Footnotes [1] AV Dicey An Introduction to the Study of the Law of Constitution (10th Edition Macmillan London 1959) 193 as quoted in M Allen B Thompson Cases and Materials on Constitutional and Administrative Law (7th Edition Oxford University Press London 2002) 216 [2] 1 A.C. 377 [3] Cases and Materials on Constitutional and Administrative Law (n 1 above) 217 [4] (1951) (Cmd. 9171): (1994) 1 A.C. 377 at 398 [5] [1994] 1 A.C. 377 at 400 [6] (1994) 1 A.C. 377 at 397-403 [7] Section 21(1) [8] RC Clements J Kay Constitutional and Administrative Law (3rd Edition Oxford University Press Oxford)179 [9] Section 2 (amended by the Statute Law Repeals Act 1981 [10] As defined by Section 6 [11] Constitutional and Administrative Law (n 8 above) 182 [12] [1994] 1 A.C. 377 at 396 [13] [1994] 1 A.C. 377 at 428 [14] In Re A Company (1981) AC 374, 384 and Isaacs v Robertson (1985) Ac 97, 102 per Lord Diplock [15] As sole corporation or corporation aggregate per Lor d Diplock in Town Investment Ltd v Department of the Environment (1978) Ac 359 [16] [1994] 1 A.C. 377 at 406 [17] Halsburys Laws of England Administrative Law (Volume 1(1) 2001 Reissue) 152. The Injunction in Public Law [18] (1994) 1 A.C. 377 per Lord Woolf; cf R v Secretary of State for Transport, ex p Factortame [1990] 2 AC 85, [1989] 2 All ER 692, HL [19] An Introduction to the Study of the Law of Constitution (n1 above) 202-203 [20] Cases and Materials on Constitutional and Administrative Law (n 1 above) 215 [21] Per Lord Donaldson MR in Francome and Another v Mirror Group Newspapers Ltd and Others (1984) 2 All ER 408 at 412 [22] RVF Heuston The Rule of Law in Essays in Constitutional Law (2nd Edition 1964) 44-48 in Cases and Materials on Constitutional and Administrative Law (n 1 above) 215

Cyber Security Role For Homeland Security Intelligence

The intelligence community itself has made a major shift of how it operates, what are its priorities and its ability to protect the nation in the entry of the 21st century. The attacks on 9/11 greatly changed the way we see the world now and has shown major flaws within the intelligence community. Those events led the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and with it pooled federal agencies into in umbrella for it to be centralized in order to be effective. There are three categories in which the Homeland Security Intelligence face in the 21st century. Those categories are technological, political, and cyber security. In this day in age everything from critical infrastructure, government information to money is being digitalized to the internet. Furthermore, it gave a showed a new front in which our nation can be attacked via cyber space. The Cyber security role for Homeland Security intelligence has become increasingly worrisome. Due to the fact that the cyber security of the nation has become increasingly targeted by foreign organizations, countries, and terrorists. One of the most potentially damaging targets is the nation’s critical infrastructure, especially the water and energy. In an article Hacking Gets Physical, it states that the â€Å"FBI confirmed that operatives in Russia, Iran, and China conducted mapping operations in order to discover weakness in the nations cyber security.† The critical infrastructure is becoming more digitalized because of itsShow MoreRelatedHomeland Security And Homeland Defense1390 Words   |  6 Pages Many people think homeland security and homeland defense are the same thing, but that is incorrect. Both have played a role in keeping America safe, but after 9/11 that role expanded greatly. The U.S. was determined to prevent another catastrophic attack from unfolding while searching the globe for those responsible. In a world constantly evolving, our enemies and their tactics evolve with it. To effectively combat the incredible amount of threats America faces, many federal entities and missionRead MoreThe Homeland Security And Homeland Defense Missions923 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction The homeland security and homeland defense missions were developed in the wake of the September 11, 2001 terror attacks. Designed to fill gaps in intelligence sharing to defend against or response to terror attacks. This paper will discuss the future success of the current homeland security and homeland defense missions. It will also look into the role civil liberties plays in that success. Discussion The missions held by homeland security and homeland defense are vital to the protectionRead MoreIntelligence And The Homeland Security1205 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are the capabilities and limitations of intelligence in supporting homeland security efforts? 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In the second half of thisRead MoreRole Of The Department Of Homeland Security1659 Words   |  7 PagesRole of the DHS in Counterterrorism On September 11, 2011, the United States observed the tenth anniversary of the worst terrorist attacks in the history of the United States . The creation of many anti-terrorism organizations was a clear message that this threat is beyond a single military or intelligence capacity. Our citizens demanded a strong response that would prevent any future terrorist threat. President Bush created the Department of Homeland Security as the key agency responsible forRead MoreThe Department Of Homeland Security1176 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent intelligence to forecast future threats. The DHS has identified areas in need of improvement in order to prepare for future threats. Citizens criticize policies in national security as infringing on civil liberties, and an ongoing debate ensues over the sacrifice of civil liberties in the name of national security. The DHS continues to evolve in analyzing future threats and identifying means for the organization to meet them. The DHS’s overall mission is to, â€Å"†¦ensure a homeland that isRead MoreIntelligence Sharing And The Capabilities Of The Homeland Security Enterprise Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesIntelligence Sharing and the Capability of the Homeland Security Enterprise What are the capabilities and limitations of intelligence in supporting homeland security efforts? Since the deadly terror attacks of 9/11, intelligence gathering for homeland security has improved immensely. One of the most important developments in our law-enforcement structure that has enhanced our intelligence is the creation of fusion centers. Fusion centers are â€Å"state and major urban area focal points for the receiptRead MoreThe Threat Of Homeland Security1035 Words   |  5 PagesHomeland Security was created to protect not only the persons living and infrastructures within the U.S. but outside as well. 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To makeRead MoreThe Latest Terror Threat: Targeting the Elements of the US Information Infrastructure981 Words   |  4 Pagesinstitutions may simply be a natural response to the reduced capabilities of al-Qaeda and other terrorist networks, as confirmed by the leading authority on terrorism and its effects, and national security analyst for the CNN network, Peter Bergen, who observed recently that the Obama administration has played a large role in reducing terrorist threats by continuing and scaling up many of former President George W. Bushs counte r-terrorist methods (Bennetch 1). Despite the substantial progress made in